Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41530736›Full record

SynthesisBMC oral health2026

Application of artificial intelligence and radiomics in the prediction of lymph node metastasis and tumour grading of oral cancer - a systematic review and meta analysis.

Khadijah Mohideen, Snehashish Ghosh, Chandrasekaran Krithika, Bhavana Sujana Mulk, Revant Chole, Juhi Chatterjee, Safal Dhungel

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Khadijah MohideenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, 66462, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Snehashish GhoshDepartment of Oral Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal. drsnehashishop@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-7349-1619
Chandrasekaran KrithikaMeenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India.
Bhavana Sujana MulkDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, 66462, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Revant CholeDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, 66462, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Juhi ChatterjeeDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, 44200Nepal, Nepal.
Safal DhungelDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRadiomics investigation strategies can be applied to head and neck tumours, including lesion segmentation, tumour grading and staging prediction. Texture features from PET/CT radiomics, particularly those reflecting metabolic heterogeneity within the primary tumour, have shown substantial predictive value for lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Accurate prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cancer is crucial, as it is the most significant prognostic factor influencing treatment planning and patient survival.

methodAn extensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, was carried out. The present review included 40 studies, of which 33 were included in the meta-analysis of the prediction of lymph node metastasis and tumour grading.

resultsThe pooled sensitivity, specificity and Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) of the AI models for the prediction of LN metastases were 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.90), 0.91 (95% CI 0.87-0.93), and 56.58 (95% CI 21.68-91.48), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR of the AI models for the grading of OSCC were 0.88 (95% CI 0.54-0.98), 0.82 (95% CI 0.76-0.87), and 34.38 (95% CI 24.24-103), respectively.

conclusionTo mitigate the elevated misinterpretation rate of lymph node metastasis (LNMs), it is prudent to incorporate ML/DL into the imaging identification of LNMs in oral cancer. Radiomic CT characteristics of oral cancer indicate tumour heterogeneity and can forecast histopathologic attributes. These exploratory investigations suggest that the AI and radiomics prediction framework may function as an additional non-invasive diagnostic tool for oral cancer, enhancing the objectivity and accuracy of tumour staging and grading and providing guidance for future therapies.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceLymphatic MetastasisMouth NeoplasmsHumansNeoplasm GradingPositron Emission Tomography Computed TomographyRadiomicsArtificial intelligenceMachine learningOral cancerOropharyngeal cancerRadiomicsTumour grading

Identifiers

PMID41530736
PMCPMC12828937

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.