ArticleScientific reports2026
Seawater-immersed glass-polyester composites with optimized mechanical properties.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Composites are engineered materials widely used in marine applications due to their excellent durability, strength, practicality, and efficiency. However, prolonged exposure to seawater can cause irreversible degradation. In this study, the maximum stress, strain at break, and tensile modulus of composite materials made from unsaturated polyester reinforced with glass fiber (CMPG) are investigated. Tensile testing in accordance with EN ISO 527 was performed on samples fabricated with 1-layer and 3-layer fiber configurations and varying fiber areal densities (300, 450, 500, and 600 g/m²). Seawater immersion times of 3, 21, and 30 days were applied to assess environmental effects. The results showed that the mechanical properties deteriorated with increased immersion time. For example, the maximum stress decreased by up to 28% after 30 days of seawater immersion compared to dry samples. The 3-layer samples exhibited higher tensile strength than 1-layer samples across all conditions. Additionally, samples with higher fiber content (e.g., 600 g/m²) absorbed less seawater and showed less dimensional swelling than lower-density counterparts. The thickness of 1-layer composites increased from 2.00 mm to 2.81 mm after 30 days, while 3-layer samples increased up to 2.95 mm, primarily due to seawater diffusion into voids. A multiple regression model was developed to predict mechanical properties as a function of fiber number, areal density and immersion time, achieving high accuracy (R² > 0.94). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that immersion time had the most statistically significant effect (p < 0.01) on tensile performance. FTIR analysis revealed chemical degradation and shifts in functional groups due to prolonged seawater exposure. These findings confirm that CMPG composites are susceptible to environmental degradation and a careful material selection and surface treatments are essential for long-term marine applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.