ArticleNPJ vaccines2026
Strong and early immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and rhesus macaques after BNT162b3 vaccination.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04537949 (A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccine), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccine (BNT162b3) Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy Adults
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
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Abstract
We preclinically characterize BNT162b3, a nucleoside-modified mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine encoding a trimerized, cell surface-tethered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD-foldon), formulated in lipid nanoparticles. Intramuscular immunization with BNT162b3 induced high antigen-specific antibody titers with early seroconversion kinetics in mice and rhesus macaques. One dose of BNT162b3 induced high neutralizing antibody titers against pseudoviruses harboring the spike of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and early variants of concern up to Delta, but lower titers against Omicron, the phylogenetically more distant variant. In mice, a second immunization boosted Omicron neutralizing antibody titers to levels comparable to those of other tested variants. The cellular immune response was T helper 1 cell driven. The cell surface-tethered RBD-foldon was more immunogenic than its soluble counterpart. This study demonstrated the suitability of BNT162b3 as COVID-19 vaccine and supported its evaluation in a phase I/II clinical trial (BNT162-04, NCT04537949).
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