Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41529694›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

BCG vaccination induces antibacterial effector functions among Vδ1/3 T cells that are associated with protection against tuberculosis.

Megan D Maerz, Mohau S Makatsa, Allison N Bucsan, Matthew S Sutton, Emma Bishop, Ziwei Tian, Erik D Layton, Mario Roederer, Alex K Shalek, Robert A Seder and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Enrichment of CD4iScience · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. HowVaccines · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Megan D MaerzDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Mohau S MakatsaDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Allison N BucsanVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Matthew S SuttonVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Emma BishopDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Ziwei TianDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, The Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Erik D LaytonDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Mario RoedererVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Alex K ShalekMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Robert A SederVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Thomas J ScribaSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa.
Chuangqi WangDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Patricia A DarrahVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chetan SeshadriDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: seshadri@uw.edu.

Funding

Seattle Tuberculosis Research Advancement CenterP30AI168034 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Rhea N Coler, CHETAN SESHADRI · 2022 to 2026
$6.3M
The Role of Lipid-specific T cells in Mediating Protection Against M. tuberculosisR01AI146072 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CHETAN SESHADRI · 2020 to 2026
$6.0M
Molecular Medicine Training ProgramT32GM095421 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HAWN, THOMAS R, LILES, W. CONRAD · 2011 to 2020
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI168034NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146072NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM095421
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

γδ T cells expressing a Vδ1/3+ T cell receptor are enriched at mucosal surfaces, but their role in protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is largely unknown. We used multimodal single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and flow cytometry to profile γδ T cells from human infants and macaques after protective vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). A subset of Vδ1/3 T cells in BCG-vaccinated human infants shows evidence of clonal expansion and differentiation into Mtb-reactive cytotoxic effector cells. In macaques, intravenous BCG induces pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to Mtb among Vδ1/3 T cells that are enriched in the airway compared to the blood. Finally, the frequency of cytokine-expressing Vδ1/3 T cells in the airway is associated with protection against Mtb challenge. Thus, Vδ1/3 T cells are activated by BCG and accumulate in the lung, where they upregulate cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory functions that may contribute to protective immunity against Mtb.

Indexed as

BCG VaccineMycobacterium tuberculosisReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaTuberculosisVaccinationAnimalsCytokinesHumansInfantLungMacaca mulattaMycobacterium bovisT-LymphocytesBCG VaccineCytokinesReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaBCG vaccinecorrelate of protectioncytotoxic T cellgamma deltahumanMycobacterium tuberculosisrhesus macaqueT cellT cell receptortuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41529694
PMCPMC12866138

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.