Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41528775›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion international2026

Implementing a school-based mental health literacy programme for adolescents: barriers, facilitators and preliminary outcomes.

Savita Gunasekaran, Shazana Shahwan, Wei Jie Ong, Benedict Wei Zhi Lim, Hui Nee Jennifer Koh, Yoke Boon Tan, Yen Sin Koh, Meiyi Stella Teo, Chiang Chiang Anita Lim, Mythily Subramaniam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Savita GunasekaranResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0006-8498-9830
Shazana ShahwanResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
Wei Jie OngResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
Benedict Wei Zhi LimResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
Hui Nee Jennifer KohImpact & Research, Transformation Office, TOUCH Community Services, 3615 Jalan Bukit Merah, Gateway Theatre Level 5, Singapore 159461, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0004-8989-596X
Yoke Boon TanResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
Yen Sin KohResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.
Meiyi Stella TeoImpact & Research, Transformation Office, TOUCH Community Services, 3615 Jalan Bukit Merah, Gateway Theatre Level 5, Singapore 159461, Singapore, Singapore.
Chiang Chiang Anita LimImpact & Research, Transformation Office, TOUCH Community Services, 3615 Jalan Bukit Merah, Gateway Theatre Level 5, Singapore 159461, Singapore, Singapore.
Mythily SubramaniamResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, Singapore 539747, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-4530-1096

Funding

Tote board - Singapore
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel school-based mental health literacy (MHL) programme titled 'Do You M.I.N.D.?' was implemented in Singapore to improve knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking among secondary school students. The present study examined its implementation barriers, facilitators, and preliminary impact on students' MHL. A mixed-methods design was used. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 key informants and six session observations guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Quantitative data were collected through a 21-item pre- and post-intervention questionnaire with 841 Secondary One students. Pre-post differences were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and difference-in-difference (DiD) analyses, with a significance level set at 0.05. Findings revealed that key facilitators included the relative advantage of the interactive sessions that incorporated Virtual Reality, understanding students' mental health needs and resources, engaging school administrators, and executing with implementation fidelity and fit. However, this relative advantage was lost when the programme shifted to Zoom video conferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as a salient barrier alongside implementation complexity, insufficient available resources, and challenges in engaging students and teachers. Pre-post data showed overall improvements in MHL, with face-to-face delivery yielding significantly better scores for two items. The programme shows promise in enhancing students' MHL, with the study providing insights for refining content and implementation strategies. The reduced effectiveness during online delivery underscores the importance of maintaining interactive elements in future adaptations. These results highlight the need for sustained resources, stakeholder engagement and support, and delivery models that preserve programme interactivity to optimize outcomes.

Indexed as

Health LiteracyMental HealthSchool Health ServicesAdolescentCOVID-19FemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchSingaporeStudentsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID41528775
PMCPMC12798539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.