ArticleIndian pediatrics2026
Amino Acid Levels of Preterm Infants on Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess the serum amino acid (AA) levels among preterm infants receiving parenteral and enteral nutrition.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included very preterm neonates (≤ 32 weeks) and healthy term breastfed neonates as reference group between December 2022 and June 2024. Parenteral nutrition (PN) was commenced on day 1 of life for preterm neonates delivered at ≤ 30 weeks gestation. Neonates delivered at 31-32 weeks gestation did not receive PN. Standard feed regimens were followed for enteral nutrition with "early" commencement of human milk fortifier (HMF). AA levels were estimated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after at least one week of full enteral nutrition for 31-32 weeks group, or parenteral followed by full enteral nutrition for ≤ 30 weeks group. AA levels in preterm infants were considered inadequate if found to be below the lowest level of corresponding AA levels in healthy term breastfed babies.
resultsA total of 84 preterm neonates delivered at ≤ 30 weeks gestation, 56 preemies at 31-32 weeks gestation, and 100 term neonates were studied. Compared to term neonates, preterm infants ≤ 30 weeks on PN and EN had inadequate levels of phenylalanine, methionine, histidine, valine, glycine, glutamine, arginine, alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Deficiencies were noted in > 10% of this group for phenylalanine, methionine, histidine and glycine; in 5-10% for valine, leucine/isoleucine, glutamine, alanine, glutamic acid; and in < 5% for tyrosine, arginine, serine, and aspartic acid.
conclusionsDespite use of parenteral and enteral nutrition protocols based on current science, preterm (≤ 30 weeks) infants had amino acid levels significantly lesser than in term healthy breastfed neonates.
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