ArticleGenes & genomics2026
Transcriptomic signatures of pregnancy progression and potential early diagnostic biomarkers in peripheral blood of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cattle.
Article in Genes & genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the molecular regulation of gestation is crucial for improving reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo cattle, yet the systemic changes occurring throughout pregnancy remain undefined.
objectiveTo identify molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy progression and develop potential biomarkers for early detection through transcriptome profiling.
methodsWhole blood samples were collected from 15 Hanwoo cows at five physiological stages: non-pregnant, and at 2-, 4-, 16- and 40-week of gestation. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and their functional roles were predicted using Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, time-series clustering was conducted to track expression patterns, and validation of candidate early pregnancy biomarkers was performed via qRT-PCR.
resultsA total of 2,029 DEGs were identified across the gestation period. Early pregnancy (2-4 weeks) was characterized by immune tolerance mechanisms and the downregulation of TLR9 signaling, with ADGRE3 and OCSTAMP identified as key genes for uterine receptivity. Mid-pregnancy (16 weeks) exhibited significant upregulation of NOTCH2 and SMAD4, essential for placental maturation. Late pregnancy (40 weeks) revealed ECM remodeling and immune suppression. Validated biomarkers for early pregnancy, including HBB, HBQ1, and ADGRE3, showed strong consistency between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data.
conclusionThis study provides comprehensive insights into the transcriptional dynamics during pregnancy in Hanwoo cattle and suggests practical biomarkers for early pregnancy diagnosis.
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