Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41528659›Full record

ArticleMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2026

Hesperidin nanoparticle therapy confers renoprotection and antitumor effects in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma via coordinated regulation of oxidative stress, Bax/caspase-3, and NF-κB/VEGF pathways.

Mohammed Saleh Alfawaz, Ekramy M Elmorsy, Ayat B Al-Ghafari, Sultan N Sonbul, Huda A Al Doghaither, Ahmad Najem Alshammari, Nagah M Abourashed, Omnia Y Habashy

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mohammed Saleh AlfawazDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia.
Ekramy M ElmorsyCenter for Health Research, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia. Ekramy.elmorsy@nbu.edu.sa.
Ayat B Al-GhafariDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Sultan N SonbulDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Huda A Al DoghaitherDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad Najem AlshammariDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia.
Nagah M AbourashedZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Omnia Y HabashyDepartment of Medical biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha university, Benha, 13518, Egypt.

Funding

Northern Borders University NBU-CRP-2026-2510
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the protective effects of hesperidin (HES) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (HES-CNPs) on renal injury in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), while promoting apoptosis in tumor cells compared to crude HES. Ninety female Swiss albino mice, aged 6 weeks and weighing 24.3 g on average, were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: (1) control; (2) HES (100 mg/kg/day, orally); (3) HES-CNPs (100 mg/kg/day, orally); (4) EAC (intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL EAC cell suspension, 2.5 × 10⁶ cells); (5) EAC + HES, receiving daily HES for 20 days after tumor induction; and (6) EAC + HES-CNPs, administered daily HES-CNPs for 20 days following EAC injection. HES-CNPs significantly reduced body weight, abdominal circumference, tumor volume, and viable cell count, while enhancing survival and lifespan compared to free HES. Molecular assessments further demonstrated that this treatment resulted in the lowest Bcl-2 levels, maximal induction of Bax and caspase-3, and a significant suppression of VEGF in ascitic fluid. HES-CNPs significantly improved hematological indices and normalized renal function markers, including urea, creatinine, and electrolytes. The treatment reinforced the renal antioxidant defense by elevating the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing glutathione oxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation, and decreasing caspase-3 activity. Concurrently, HES-CNPs effectively inhibited EAC-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes, including nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Both histopathological and ultrastructural assessments revealed that HES-CNPs conferred stronger renal protection than free HES. These findings suggest that the HES in nanoparticle form mediates coordinated regulation of oxidative stress, Bax/caspase-3, and NF-κB/VEGF pathways, driving both renoprotection and antitumor effects in EAC-bearing mice.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsCarcinoma, Ehrlich TumorHesperidinNanoparticlesOxidative StressAnimalsApoptosisbcl-2-Associated X ProteinCaspase 3ChitosanFemaleMiceNF-kappa BSignal TransductionVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAntineoplastic AgentsBax protein, mousebcl-2-Associated X ProteinCaspase 3ChitosanHesperidinNF-kappa BVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAnti-inflammatoryAntioxidantChitosan nanoparticlesEhrlich ascites carcinomaHesperidinPro-apoptoticRenoprotection

Identifiers

PMID41528659

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.