Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41528611›Full record

ReviewCurrent obesity reports2026

Pharmacological Management of Diabesity: Current and Emerging Therapies.

Martina Galasso, Mariangela Caporusso, Alessandra Volatile, Ludovica Verde, Katherine Esposito, Francesco Giorgino, Sebastio Perrini, Annamaria Colao, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current obesity reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Martina GalassoDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Mariangela CaporussoEndocrinology Unit, Regional General Hospital "Francesco Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, 70021, IT, Italy.
Alessandra VolatileDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Ludovica VerdeDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Katherine EspositoDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Francesco GiorginoDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70124, IT, Italy.
Sebastio PerriniEndocrinology Unit, Regional General Hospital "Francesco Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, 70021, IT, Italy.
Annamaria ColaoDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Luigi BarreaDipartimento Di Psicologia e Scienze Della Salute, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale, Via Porzio, Isola F2, Naples, 80143, Italy.
Giovanna MuscogiuriDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy. giovanna.muscogiuri@unina.it.
Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current clinical evidence on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonists on body mass index (BMI), body composition, and glucose metabolism in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition often referred to as "diabesity." RECENT

findingsThe coexistence of obesity and T2DM represents a major clinical and public health challenge due to their synergistic effects on metabolic dysfunction and the increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Traditional approaches focused solely on glycemic control have proven insufficient to address the intertwined pathophysiology of excess adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism. Recently, novel pharmacological agents, including SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, have demonstrated dual benefits in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. These drugs act through distinct but complementary mechanisms-such as promoting glycosuria, enhancing satiety, delaying gastric emptying, and modulating energy homeostasis-resulting in significant reductions in BMI and visceral fat. Among these agents, tirzepatide has shown superior efficacy in improving metabolic parameters and body composition compared with single receptor agonists. Understanding the multifaceted metabolic benefits of these pharmacotherapies is essential for optimizing individualized therapeutic strategies for patients with diabesity. Integrating these agents into comprehensive diabetes care allows clinicians to more effectively target the complex pathophysiology of diabesity, ultimately improving long-term metabolic and clinical outcomes in this growing patient population.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsObesitySodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBlood GlucoseBody CompositionBody Mass IndexDiabesityGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansTirzepatideBlood GlucoseGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsTirzepatideBody compositionDiabesityGlycemic controlSemaglutideSGLT2 inhibitorsTirzepatide

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.