ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2026
Trabecular and cortical bone mineral density in human vertebrae: comparison of frozen and thawed States with qCT.
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Influence of different preservation methods on the mechanical in vitro stability of bones: a comparative study using porcine metatarsals.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
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Abstract
purposeBone mineral density (BMD) is a key determinant of skeletal strength, relevant in many disciplines. Freezing is widely used to preserve cadaveric bone, but its effect on BMD remains controversal. This study assessed whether a vBMD is altered in frozen versus thawed state of human vertebral bodies measured by quantitative computed tomography (qCT). MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-three human vertebrae (14 C7, 9 Th1, 10 Th2) were stored at - 20 °C. Trabecular and cortical vBMD were measured in the frozen state (- 15 to - 20 °C) using qCT with a calibration phantom. After thawing overnight at room temperature, identical scans were performed. Paired t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients compared frozen and thawed values.
resultsOne trabecular specimen was excluded as an outlier. Mean trabecular volometeic bone mineral density (vBMD) was 154.68 mg Ca-HA/ml (frozen) vs. 148.93 mg Ca-HA/ml (thawed), mean difference - 5.74 mg Ca-HA/ml (p = 0.164). Cortical vBMD was 219.56 mg Ca-HA/ml (frozen) vs. 219.90 mg Ca-HA/ml (thawed), mean difference 0.34 mg Ca-HA/ml (p = 0.948). Correlations between frozen and thawed values were strong (r = 0.89 trabecular; r = 0.94 cortical).
conclusionA single freeze-thaw cycle at - 20 °C does not significantly alter cortical or trabecular vBMD in human vertebral bodies measured by qCT. These results support the measurement of BMD of frozen specimens, minimizing handling and avoiding unnecessary thawing in research and forensic settings.
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