Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41528451›Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026

Development and optimization of dothiepin hydrochloride-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier incorporated in situ nasal gel for enhanced brain-targeted antidepressant delivery.

Divya Bhagat, Varsha Balkrishna Mane, Manoj Shinde, Nagesh Aloorkar, Sagar Pathade, Sanuja Kadam, Rushikesh Kshirsagar

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Divya BhagatSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.
Varsha Balkrishna ManeSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India. varsha.mane76@gmail.com.
Manoj ShindeSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.
Nagesh AloorkarSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.
Sagar PathadeSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.
Sanuja KadamSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.
Rushikesh KshirsagarSatara College of Pharmacy, Degaon Satara, Maharashtra, India, 415004, affiliated to Dr, Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (DBATU), Maharashtra, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to develop dothiepin HCl-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) incorporated into an in situ nasal gel. NLCs were chosen to overcome the drug's poor solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and limited blood-brain barrier penetration, thereby enhancing brain-targeted delivery and antidepressant efficacy via the nasal route. DOTH.HCl suffers from poor solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which significantly restricts its therapeutic efficacy. Dothiepin HCl-loaded NLCs were prepared by melt emulsification and high-speed homogenization using glyceryl monostearate and oleic acid (65:35) with Tween 80 and PVA as surfactants. The nanoemulsion was freeze-thawed and lyophilized to obtain dry NLCs. Optimization was done via Box-Behnken design, and characterization included entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential measurements. The optimized NLC formulation showed high entrapment efficiency (90.59%), a zeta potential of - 28.8 mV, and a particle size of 168.3 nm, indicating good stability and nanoscale dispersion. The in situ gel exhibited suitable viscosity (150 ± 4.08 kPa), pH (6.8 ± 0.12), and strong mucoadhesive strength (3328 ± 2.44 dyne/cm

Indexed as

Antidepressive AgentsBrainDepressionDrug CarriersNanostructuresAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsGelsLipidsMaleParticle SizeRats, Sprague-DawleyAntidepressive AgentsDrug CarriersGelsLipidsAnti-depressant activityBox–Behnken designBrain-targeted deliveryDothiepinNanostructured lipid carrierNasal route

Identifiers

PMID41528451

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.