Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41528446›Full record

ArticleJournal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology2026

Blood analytes relevant to nutritional status and energy metabolism in three sea turtle species across nesting season.

Kristina L Kaleel, Justin R Perrault, Sarah E Hirsch, Brianna L Myre, Derek M Aoki, William R Bishop, Skyler Klingshirn, Hannah Niland, Selena Persaud, Madison Toonder and 1 more

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Article in Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kristina L Kaleel *Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
Justin R Perrault *Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-6701
Sarah E HirschLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Brianna L MyreDepartment of Biology, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Derek M AokiLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
William R BishopLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Skyler KlingshirnLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Hannah NilandLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Selena PersaudLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Madison ToonderLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Nicole I StacyDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA. stacyn@ufl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-4414

Funding

Albert E. and Birdie W. Einstein Fund Albert E. and Birdie W. Einstein FundFlorida Department of Environmental Protection 20-PBL, 21-PBL, 22-PBL
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sea turtle reproduction involves complex physiological adaptations during nesting season, which are often reflected in blood analytes that offer insights into species-specific energy utilization and nutritional status during this energetically demanding period. The aims of this study were to (1) establish reference intervals for blood analytes associated with nutritional status and energy metabolism including packed cell volume (PCV), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein by refractometer, glucose, and lactate across 3–4 nesting seasons for three sea turtle species (leatherbacks Dermochelys coriacea, loggerheads Caretta caretta, and green turtles Chelonia mydas) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol for loggerheads, (2) evaluate correlations among these analytes and with turtle size, and (3) evaluate changes across nearly the entire nesting season. Delayed processing effects on BHB and lactate were also assessed using point-of-care devices. Leatherbacks exhibited significant declines in PCV, BHB, total protein, and lactate across nesting season. In loggerheads, PCV, total protein, lactate, and cholesterol decreased, and BUN increased, while green turtles showed declining total protein and increasing glucose. Leatherbacks had the highest PCV and the lowest lactate and glucose of the three species, while loggerheads had the lowest PCV and total protein, and green turtles had the lowest BHB and highest total protein. A time‐series assessment demonstrated that BHB concentrations remained stable for up to 48 h post‐collection using refrigerated blood, whereas lactate increased significantly after 24 h, underscoring the importance of rapid sample processing. These findings provide species‐specific reference intervals, highlight metabolic adaptations associated with the capital breeding strategy in sea turtles, and offer valuable benchmarks for population monitoring, conservation management, and clinical interventions in rehabilitation settings.

Indexed as

Energy MetabolismNesting BehaviorNutritional StatusTurtles3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAnimalsBlood GlucoseBlood ProteinsBlood Urea NitrogenCholesterolFemaleHematocritLactic AcidReference ValuesSeasonsSpecies Specificity3-Hydroxybutyric AcidBlood GlucoseBlood ProteinsCholesterolLactic AcidBlood chemistryCapital breedingMarine turtlesReproduction

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.