ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms and Translational Potential of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease.Cells · 2026Review
- Triple identity of medicinal plant-derived extracellular vesicles.Protoplasma · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Tool in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- MRI-guided diagnosis and dual-pathway neuroprotection in ischemic strokeMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Engineering Strategies for Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Modification, Drug Delivery Performance, and Synergistic Effects with Gel Composite Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Comprehensive Review from Isolation to Clinical Translation-Unlocking Natural Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Plant-Derived Exosomes, Their Cross-Kingdom Effects, and Potential Biomedical Applications in Skin Wounds Repair.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Overexpression of EXO70E2 inGenes · 2026Article
- Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Unlocking the black box: multimodal imaging and quantitative analysis of plant vesicular trafficking.Advanced biotechnology · 2026Review
- Structural Insights into Cell Wall-Related Vesicle Secretion with Different Mechanisms.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in plants, but their biogenesis, heterogeneity, and membrane origins remain poorly understood. Here, the structural diversity, formation mechanisms and potential functions of EVs from various plant cell types under normal physiological conditions are demonstrated using 3D electron tomography (ET), cryo-ET, and immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The EVs are classified into three distinct categories based on their size, content, and molecular marker profiles. These are TET8-positive small EVs (∼50-200 nm in diameter, lacking organelle content), Exo70E2-positive medium EVs (∼200-500 nm in diameter, containing ribosomes), and PEN1-positive large EVs/Extracellular tubules (∼500-2000 nm in diameter, containing ribosomes and small vesicles). The Exo70E2-positive medium EVs originate from the plant-specific exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), and isolated EXPOs carry cargoes associated with stress responses. Subsequent transcriptomic profiling and pathogen-resistance assays in exo70e2 mutants indicate that EXPO-derived EVs contribute to plant defense, potentially by delivering defense-related proteins during pathogen infection. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for understanding EV heterogeneity in plants and highlight EXPO-derived EVs as a potential key component of plant defense.
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Registered trials
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