ArticleBMC oral health2026
Effects of ascorbic acid and cholecalciferol on growth factor release, cytokines, and biomechanical properties of platelet rich fibrin: in vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis in vitro study evaluates the effects of adding ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) matrices on growth factor release, cytokine levels, and mechanical properties.
methodsTwenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) participated in the study. Seven tubes of venous blood were collected from each participant. Samples were divided into three groups: control (PRF), vitamin C-augmented PRF (VitC-PRF), and vitamin D-augmented PRF (VitD-PRF). All PRF samples were prepared using a standard centrifugation protocol (2700 rpm, 12 min). Growth factors (IGF-1, PDGF, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-β1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) were analysed by ELISA at 24 and 72 h. Mechanical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength, and elongation tests.
resultsThe VitC-PRF group demonstrated significantly higher tensile strength and elongation compared to both the control and VitD-PRF groups (p < 0.05). FGF-2 and PDGF levels were highest in the VitD-PRF group, while the control group exhibited the highest levels of IGF-1 and TGF-β1. IL-1β levels were significantly lower in the VitC-PRF group compared to the other groups, with no significant differences in TNF-α levels between groups.
conclusionsThe addition of ascorbic acid and cholecalciferol to PRF enhanced its mechanical properties and exhibited favorable biological effects on growth factors and inflammatory processes. These findings suggest that vitamin-enriched PRF could be a promising approach for optimizing periodontal regeneration.
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