Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41526985›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2026

Microsatellite analysis of genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across mainland Tanzania reveals contrasted patterns of geographic isolation and gene flow.

Salum Abdallah Mapua, Badara Samb, Ismail Hassan Nambunga, Prisca Asiimwe Kweyamba, Gustav Mkandawile, Hamis Bwanaly, Emmanuel Wilson Kaindoa, Joel Ouma Odero, John Paliga Masalu, Najat Feruz Kahamba and 5 more

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Article in Parasites & vectors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Salum Abdallah Mapua *Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania. smapua@ihi.or.tz.
Badara Samb *Laboratoire d'Écologie Vectorielle et ParasitaireDépartement de Biologie AnimaleFaculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.
Ismail Hassan NambungaEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Prisca Asiimwe KweyambaSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzgasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Gustav MkandawileEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Hamis BwanalyEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Emmanuel Wilson KaindoaEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Joel Ouma OderoEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
John Paliga MasaluEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Najat Feruz KahambaEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Emmanuel Elirehema HapeEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Roberto GaliziCentre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
Nicodem James GovellaEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Fredros Oketch Okumu *Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 53, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Frederic Tripet *Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzgasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland. frederic.tripet@swisstph.ch.

Funding

Gates Foundation INV-002138Howard Hughes Medical Institute OPP1099295
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite Anopheles funestus s.s. being a highly competent and widespread malaria vector in Africa, its population structure remains largely understudied in many countries, including Tanzania. Herein, we examine the genetic diversity, geographic isolation, and gene flow of An. funestus populations across ten administrative regions in mainland Tanzania.

methodsWe employed 12 previously used microsatellite DNA markers to describe genetic diversity, isolation by distance, and gene flow patterns among ten An. funestus s.s. populations (n = 654) and one An. parensis population (n = 28), used as an outgroup, sampled across ten regions in mainland Tanzania.

resultsOverall, allelic richness (Na) and genetic diversity (H

conclusionsExcept for the Mtwara population, whose status will need to be clarified through whole-genome sequencing, moderate genetic divergence was found among An. funestus s.s. populations across Tanzania, despite geographical separation and the Rift Valley. The observed genetic structure suggests that anthropogenic gene flow may play a key role in shaping population divergence. Future studies should aim to delineate the effects of local adaptation from recent gene flow to further explore these dynamics.

Indexed as

AnophelesGene FlowGenetic VariationMicrosatellite RepeatsMosquito VectorsAnimalsGenetics, PopulationMalariaTanzaniaAn. funestusAn. parensisDispersalGenetic divergenceMicrosatellitesPopulation structure

Identifiers

PMID41526985
PMCPMC12888548

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