Trial reportBMC oral health2026
Factors associated with dental fear and anxiety among smokers in urban dental clinics: a cross-sectional analysis.
Trial report in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04524533 (Delivery of a Smoking Cessation Induction Intervention Via Virtual Reality), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Delivery of a Smoking Cessation Induction Intervention Via Virtual Reality (VR) Headset During a Dental Cleaning: Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Level of Dental Anxiety and Its Role Among Barriers to Habitual Use of Oral Health Care in Adult Finns.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmokers have a high prevalence of oral health issues, placing them at greater risk for dental fear and anxiety and appointment non-attendance. To our knowledge, no studies examine patient's characteristics associated with dental fear and anxiety in smokers. We investigated the association between a constellation of factors and dental fear and anxiety in cigarette smokers to guide future intervention development.
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of baseline data collected between 12/15/20 and 7/28/24 from adult dental patients who were scheduled for an appointment at one of two urban university-affiliated dental school clinics and enrolled in a trial on motivating smoking cessation (n = 424, 48.2% female, M age = 47.5+/-12.9, 32.0% below poverty level). Participants completed measures electronically: demographics (age, gender, education, ethnicity, race, relationship status, employment status), smoking history (smoking frequency, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, motivation to quit in 30 days, confidence to quit), psychosocial factors (Perceived Stress Scale and PHQ-2 depression), dental-related factors (subjective dental health, pain level during dental cleanings, and past-year dental cleaning visit), and the 8-item Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-C). We fit four bivariate linear regression models based on the above categories to identify variables associated with IDAF-C at p ≤ .15, which were then entered into a multivariable regression model to examine significant (p < .05) associations with IDAF-C.
resultsBivariate models identified gender, education, nicotine dependence, perceived stress, subjective dental health pain during cleanings, and past-year dental cleaning visit for inclusion in the multivariable model. In step one of the multivariable model (F
conclusionsGender and education accounted for a small portion of the association with IDAF-C, while malleable factors such as pain during cleanings, subjective dental health, nicotine dependence, and perceived stress accounted for a larger proportion of the variance, having the potential to guide future intervention development. CLINICAL
trial registrationThis research was funded by the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR; B. Borrelli, PI. 5UH3DE028866); ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT04524533).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.