ArticleAging clinical and experimental research2026
Prevalence and predictive factors of cognitive impairment among hospitalized older adults in iran: a cross-sectional study, 2024.
Article in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCognitive frailty (CF), defined by the IANA/IAGG criteria as the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia, is an emerging geriatric syndrome associated with disability and adverse health outcomes.
aimsThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CF and develop a prediction model among hospitalized older adults in Iran.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 300 patients aged ≥ 60 years admitted to Shahid-Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, between July and September 2024. Data were collected using structured interviews incorporating the Fried Frailty Phenotype, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, and a researcher-developed tool assessing demographic, clinical, nutritional, psychosocial, and economic factors. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression (backward method) were applied.
resultsThe mean age of participants was 71.8 ± 8.0 years, and 54.3% were male. The prevalence of CF and potentially CF was 22.7% and 23%, respectively. Protective factors included positive self-rated health (OR = 0.179), non-smoking (OR = 0.150), higher handgrip strength (OR = 0.798), good nutritional status (OR = 0.330), larger mid-upper arm and calf circumferences, and adequate appetite (OR = 0.107). Conversely, higher BMI (OR = 1.315), physical inactivity (OR = 5.966), diabetes (OR = 3.692), comorbidities (OR = 8.77), frequent physician visits (OR = 6.974), stressful life events (OR = 4.764), and poor economic status (OR = 2.724) were associated with increased risk. The model demonstrated strong predictive validity (Nagelkerke R²=0.678; Specificity = 0.921).
conclusionsCF is prevalent among hospitalized older adults in Iran and is strongly influenced by modifiable factors. Early detection and multidomain interventions-targeting nutrition, physical activity, chronic disease control, and psychosocial well-being-may prevent CF and improve quality of life in this vulnerable group.
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