Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41526733›Full record

ArticleParasitology research2026

Multidrug-resistant Acanthamoeba keratitis caused by the T4 Genotype: A case report.

Mehrnaz Atighehchian, Alireza Latifi, Elham Kazemirad, Maryam Kasiri, Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Parasitology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Beyond the surface: a comprehensive review of corneal endotheliitis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mehrnaz AtighehchianFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza LatifiDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Elham KazemiradDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam KasiriFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehran Zarei-GhanavatiFarabi Eye Hospital, Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mehran_zarei@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This report describes the case of a 28-year-old woman, who presented with a two-week history of severe ocular pain and photophobia in her right eye. She was a soft contact lens wearer with no history of ocular trauma or systemic illness. Ophthalmic examination revealed conjunctival hyperemia, epithelial irregularities, and a developing ring-shaped stromal infiltrate. In vivo confocal microscopy demonstrated double-walled hyperreflective cysts, and culture followed by PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype. Despite intensive treatment with topical polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine, propamidine, and voriconazole, as well as oral miltefosine, the infection progressed, leading to stromal necrosis. The patient underwent two therapeutic penetrating keratoplasties; however, the disease continued to advance, eventually resulting in phthisis bulbi and permanent vision loss. This case highlights the potential for aggressive, clinically refractory Acanthamoeba keratitis caused by the T4 genotype, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and timely surgical intervention in resistant cases.

Indexed as

AcanthamoebaAcanthamoeba KeratitisAdultDrug Resistance, MicrobialFemaleHumansAcanthamoeba keratitisMiltefosineMultidrug resistancePenetrating keratoplastyT4 genotype

Identifiers

PMID41526733
PMCPMC12799674

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.