Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41526675›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Predictive use of environmental regularities requires action relevance.

Benedikt Kretzmeyer, Constantin A Rothkopf, Katja Fiehler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Benedikt KretzmeyerExperimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10F, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Constantin A RothkopfPsychology of Information Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alexanderstr. 10, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany.
Katja FiehlerExperimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10F, 35394, Giessen, Germany. Katja.Fiehler@psychol.uni-giessen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efficient navigation often depends on the ability to learn and exploit environmental regularities through predictive motor adjustments. We conducted two virtual reality experiments in which participants walked through a museum corridor towards one of two exit doors. In Experiment 1, a moveable obstacle appeared with high probability on one side depending on the block, but participants could delay their pathway choice until the obstacle became visible. Many adopted a waiting strategy, walking straight until the obstacle appeared and only then adjusting their route. This raised the question of whether this reflected a failure to learn or a strategic delay. In Experiment 2, we introduced a larger static obstacle that forced participants to commit earlier, thereby increasing the cost of late corrections. Under these constraints, nearly all participants consistently selected the correct pathway in anticipation, indicating that the spatial structure could be learned and exploited when early commitment was required. Together, these findings suggest that predictive motor planning does not simply arise from the presence of environmental regularities but reflects an adaptive process of embodied decision-making shaped by task demands, environmental structure, individual strategy preferences, and learning capabilities.

Indexed as

Decision MakingEnvironmentLearningSpatial NavigationHumansVirtual RealityWalkingAdaptive behaviorEmbodied decision makingHuman statistical learningMotor planningPredictive controlVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41526675
PMCPMC12800049

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.