Lithium-ion battery waste as a robust oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst for seawater splitting.

Magdalena Warczak, Katarzyna Belka, Weronika Urbańska, Monika Michalska, Njemuwa Nwaji, Magdalena Osial

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Magdalena WarczakFaculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3 Street, Bydgoszcz, 85-326, Poland. magdalena.warczak@pbs.edu.pl.

Katarzyna BelkaFaculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3 Street, Bydgoszcz, 85-326, Poland.

Weronika UrbańskaFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Street, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland.

Monika MichalskaFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic.

Njemuwa NwajiInstitute of Fundamental Technological Research, Department of the Theory of Continuous Media and Nanostructures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B Street, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland.

Magdalena OsialInstitute of Fundamental Technological Research, Department of the Theory of Continuous Media and Nanostructures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B Street, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland.

Funding

European Union, REFRESH - Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-tech Industries CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048National Science Center (NCN, Poland) SONATA No. 2022/47/D/ST4/01421

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrocatalytic seawater splitting seems to be the most promising and urgent demand strategy for clean hydrogen energy production. Utilizing low-cost electrocatalysts is pivotal in the hydrogen economy, as seawater splitting can be made highly efficient and more economical. To meet these expectations, we proposed a novel utilization for the black carbon mass left over from hydrometallurgical metal recovery as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performed in alkaline media. The SEM-EDS, XPS, XRD, XRF, and Raman analyses revealed that the composition and structure of the post-leached battery powders depend on the hydrometallurgical waste recycling conditions, which in turn affect their OER electrocatalytic activity. In particular, the material leached with sulfuric acid (BAT 1) retained a higher content of cobalt-based compounds (mainly LiCoO

Indexed as

ElectrocatalysisLithium-ion batteryOxygen evolutionSeawater splittingWaste

Identifiers

PMID41526602

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-34856-w

PMCPMC12868884

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.