Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41526446›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Secure multi-party test case data generation through generative adversarial networks.

Zheng Wang, Liutao Zhao, Fanyin Meng, Zhongshan Zhu, Yiqing Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zheng WangInstitute of Digital Economy, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100032, China.
Liutao ZhaoBeijing Computing Center Co., Ltd., Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100032, China.
Fanyin MengBeijing Beike Rongzhi Cloud Computing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100032, China.
Zhongshan ZhuBeijing Computing Center Co., Ltd., Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100032, China.
Yiqing LuForeign Environment Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China. lu.yiqing@fecomee.org.cn.

Funding

Excellent Talent Training Funding Project in Dongcheng District 2024-dchrcpyzz-9GEF project:Strengthening coordinated approaches to reduce invasive alien species (IAS) threats to globally significant agrobiodiversity and agroecosystems in China 9874
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the current landscape of software testing, challenges persist in test case data generation, including variability in data quality and the inherent difficulty of data synthesis. These challenges are further exacerbated in scenarios where data are widely distributed across heterogeneous organizational environments. Privacy regulations and security concerns impose strict constraints on data sharing, preventing centralized data aggregation and highlighting the necessity of a federated environment as a more practical solution. To address the privacy protection and data sharing challenges in federated test case data generation, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method specifically designed for federated settings. By leveraging the strong data generation capabilities of GANs, the proposed approach is able to generate high-quality and diverse test case data while preserving data privacy. Specifically, through a protocol grammar-based deep learning framework combined with test case encoder-decoder encoding mechanisms and a GAN-driven sample character generator, the proposed method can predict and generate variant test case samples. In the federated environment, each participant trains the generator and discriminator locally, while model parameters are securely aggregated to achieve global model optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated test case data outperforms traditional methods in terms of coverage and effectiveness, significantly enhancing the efficiency and quality of software testing. Ultimately, the proposed framework provides a scalable solution for identifying latent vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure while strictly adhering to data sovereignty requirements in cross-organizational environments.

Indexed as

AutoencodersFederated LearningGenerative Adversarial NetworksTest Case Generation

Identifiers

PMID41526446
PMCPMC12877002

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.