Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41526393›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

A waterproof and ultra-elastic thermoelectric foam for underwater human signal detection.

Wendi Liu, Xiao-Lei Shi, Xinyang He, Suiyuan Zhu, Zhen Li, Chengzu Li, Ding Zhang, Meng Li, Xiaoyun Wu, Hongnan Zhang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Wendi Liu *Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Xiao-Lei Shi *School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-2547
Xinyang He *Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6384-1494
Suiyuan ZhuShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Zhen LiShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Chengzu LiShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Ding ZhangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-1769
Meng LiSchool of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Xiaoyun WuSchool of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Hongnan ZhangShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Liming WangShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China. wangliming@dhu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-3131
Xiaohong QinShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China. xhqin@dhu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-903X
Zhi-Gang ChenSchool of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. zhigang.chen@qut.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-7993

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Underwater tasks such as ocean exploration and emergency rescue demand advanced wearable sensors. However, multifunctional underwater sensors capable of integrating self-powered signal transmission, effective thermal-moisture regulation, and multi-signal decoupling remain unreported. Here, we present a three-dimensional multi-functional thermoelectric device composed of highly porous polyurethane foam coated with a waterproof conductive layer made from single-walled carbon nanotubes, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate, and waterborne polyurethane. Hydrogen bonding between the sulfonate groups in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate and the -NH groups in waterborne polyurethane enhances water resistance (contact angle of 112°) and mechanical durability under repeated compression (20,000 cycles), while achieving an ultra-fast response time of 40 ms. The device exhibits high breathability (406 mm s

Indexed as

Wearable Electronic DevicesHumansNanotubes, CarbonPolystyrenesPolyurethanesPorosityTemperatureWaterNanotubes, CarbonPolystyrenespolystyrene sulfonic acidPolyurethanesWater

Identifiers

PMID41526393
PMCPMC12868755

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.