Trial reportJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026
Serum cytokines predict response and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 antibody: analyses of two phase II clinical trials.
Trial report in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune exhaustion in esophageal cancer: interferon pathway dysregulation and neoadjuvant therapy response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeChemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with anti-PD-1 for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has shown promising efficacy but lack the predictive biomarkers to identify patients who could benefit from this therapy. The predictive value of serum cytokines in ESCC patients remains unclear. We aimed to identify cytokine-based biomarkers for treatment response and survival in this setting. EXPERIMENTAL
designExploratory analyses were conducted on 81 ESCC patients from two phase II trials treated with CRT plus toripalimab, with validation in an independent prospective cohort (n=61). Nineteen serum cytokines were assessed at baseline, during, and post-CRT plus anti-PD-1 antibody. A cytokine-based risk score model (CYTOscore) was constructed. Multi-omics profiling including RNA-seq, WES, and spatial transcriptomics were performed to explore potential differences in tumor microenvironments.
resultsCox analyses identified Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) as potential biomarkers and were used to constructed the CYTOscore. Patients stratified by baseline CYTOscore showed significantly longer OS (HR, 0.31; 95%CI, 0.16-0.62; p= 0.00045) and PFS (HR, 0.33; 95%CI, 0.17-0.62; p= 0.00036) in the low-risk group, which also had higher complete response (CR) rates (66% vs 35%, p=0.014). These finding were next validated in the external cohort, with the low-risk group demonstrating higher CR rates (66% vs 27%, p=0.039) and longer OS (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.99, p=0.045). A nomogram incorporating baseline CYTOscore and clinical characteristics showed promising predictive accuracy in 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS (AUC=0.77, 0.78, and 0.76). Multi-omics analysis revealed enriched interferon-γ/α signaling in B cells within low-risk patients.
conclusionsThe CYTOscore based on IL-8, CCL3, and CCL4 effectively predicts treatment response and survival in ESCC patients receiving CRT plus anti-PD-1 antibody.
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