ArticleThe oncologist2026
High burden of geriatric assessment impairments across the adult age spectrum in patients with cancer.
Article in The oncologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe age-specific distribution of frailty and its domain-level characteristics remain poorly understood across the adult population of patients with cancer. We aimed to quantify the frailty prevalence and geriatric assessment (GA) impairment patterns in adults and to examine their prognostic relevance in newly diagnosed patients with cancer. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional cohort enrolled 2,501 adults (≥20 years) before therapy in 2021-2023. GA covered 8 domains (function, comorbidity, cognition, mood, nutrition, polypharmacy, falls, and social support). Patients were grouped into 6 age bands (20-39 to ≥80) and labeled fit (0 deficits), prefrail (1), or frail (≥2). We analyzed age-specific geriatric impairment patterns and overall survival (OS).
resultsThe mean number of GA deficits increased significantly across the 6 ordered age bands. Frailty was common and increased with age: 40.0% (20-39), 42.3% (40-49), 56.2% (70-79), and 74.4% (≥80). Malnutrition was the most frequent deficit (59.1% overall), affecting 51% of patients aged 20-39 years, peaking at 63.8% in the 70-79-year cohort. Older age groups showed steeper increases in comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and functional decline. Polypharmacy and depressed mood were frequent, but varied less with age; inadequate social support was uniformly low. In multivariable models, prefrailty and frailty predicted worse OS. Age-stratified analyses of 40-49, 50-59, and 70-79-year cohorts showed similar associations.
conclusionFrailty is prevalent across adults of all ages with distinct, age-associated GA profiles. Nutritional deficits were the most prevalent impairment even among younger adults, whereas functional, comorbidity, and cognitive burdens escalate in older patients with cancer. Routine pretreatment GA for all adults can identify vulnerabilities and enable age-tailored supportive interventions.
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