ArticlePloS one2026
Synergistic antifungal effects of botanical extracts against Candida albicans.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated in Vitro and in Silico Investigation of Antimicrobial, Anti-biofilm, and Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Activities of Allium atroviolaceum Bulb Extract.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Mucoadhesive Gel Based onPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Natural Alkaloids as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanisms, Potentials and Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antifungal resistance is growing increasingly more common due to the widespread use of limited number of antifungal compounds classes. Plant extracts have been used and studied for thousands of years as antifungal therapeutics alone or in combination with other natural products. This study investigated the synergistic effects of combining ethanolic extracts from nine plants with documented antifungal activity to identify natural and more powerful antifungal treatments against Candida albicans. Using checkerboard microdilution assays, 11 out of 15 combinations exhibited additive or synergistic interactions (fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI < 1). The strongest synergy was observed between Alpinia officinarum and Hydrastis canadensis with MIC90 FICI = 0.08 and MIC50 FICI = 0.05. Combinations involving H. canadensis, Eucalyptus globulus, and Punica granatum produced the most synergistic effects with other tested extracts and with each other. Combining putative active compounds from each of these three extracts demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity, with the strongest synergy observed with berberine (from H. canadensis) and punicalagin (from P. granatum) with MIC90 FICI = 0.31 and MIC50 FICI = 0.13. Eucalyptol did not produce any significant antifungal activity so E. globulus extract was fractionated to identify its main antifungal compounds. UPLC-MS analysis determined that the most active fractions were primarily made up of hydrolysable tannins which produced strong synergy when combined to berberine with MIC90 FICI = 0.31 and MIC50 FICI = 0.25. The combinations of berberine with punicalagin and berberine with the E. globulus high tannin fraction F5 displayed antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC90 concentrations of 2-16 µg/mL, which are comparable to MIC90 concentration for econazole of 0.5-8 µg/mL. These results suggest that phytochemical mixtures containing different classes of antifungal compounds can approach the efficacy of commercial antifungals and may serve as effective alternatives.
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