Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41524489›Full record

ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2026

Late-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and Air Pollution in a Multiethnic Cohort.

Anna H Wu, Chiuchen Tseng, Song-Yi Park, Daniel O Stram, Kami White, Jun Wu, Cheryl Vigen, Veronica W Setiawan, Xian Yu, Steven Gazal and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Reply.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Anna H WuDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.ORCID 0000-0003-0546-902X
Chiuchen TsengDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Song-Yi ParkPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu.
Daniel O StramDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Kami WhitePopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu.
Jun WuSusan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine.
Cheryl VigenDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Veronica W SetiawanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Xian YuDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Steven GazalDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Christopher HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Lynne WilkensPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu.
Loïc Le MarchandPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu.
Iona ChengHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco.
William StohlDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.ORCID 0000-0002-8272-7873

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES007048 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROB S MCCONNELL · 1996 to 2026
$46.4M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES007048NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES0070480
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence in a racially and ethnically diverse population.

methodsThis analysis included 42,152 California Multiethnic Cohort participants, aged ≥65 years (>70% African American and Latino adults) who were enrolled in the Fee For Service component of Medicare (2001-2018). We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the associations of time-varying air pollutants based on spatiotemporal models with RA incidence (n = 2,027) after adjusting for demographics, neighborhood socioeconomic status, smoking, work, and other exposures.

resultsRA incidence increased with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM

conclusionExposure to PM and gaseous pollution associates with increased RA incidence after age 65 years, particularly among African American and Latino adults. Further characterization of air pollution's contribution to racial and ethnic disparities in RA risk is warranted.

Indexed as

Air PollutionArthritis, RheumatoidEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterAgedAged, 80 and overAge of OnsetAir PollutantsAsianBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaCohort StudiesFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceAir PollutantsNitrogen DioxideParticulate Matter

Identifiers

PMID41524489
PMCPMC13313105

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.