ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Epidemiological investigative report on ocular morbidity in children in rural Kenya.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo ascertain the pattern of ocular morbidity in a population of primary school children in rural Kenya as it is a prerequisite for planning effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
methodsA cross-sectional survey of ocular symptoms and clinical eye examinations were performed in a sample of 35 rural primary schools in the semi-arid region of Kajiado West sub-county in S.W. Kenya, amongst a semi-nomadic tribe (Maasai). Students in Grades 1-8 were included. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen "tumbling E" chart at 6 m. Children with symptoms of refractive error underwent non-cycloplegic refraction.
resultsA total of 2036 children (1084 males) between the ages of 4-20y were examined. Conjunctival actinic changes were present in 22% (442/2036). Nine cases were seen with a potential squamous carcinoma. No overt classical ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency were noted, although 181 (8.9%) children complained of nyctalopia. Three hundred thirty-six (16.5%) children had a visual acuity worse than 6/12 in either eye, were unable to read N10 near text at 40 cm or had symptoms suggestive of refractive error. Refractive data led to an estimate of hyperopia of +1.00 D or more in 3.9% and of myopia of -0.50 D or more in either eye in 3.0% of the study population.
conclusionSolar exposure- and dust-related conjunctival pathology is common. As this may develop into potentially sight- or even life-threatening conditions, it warrants further study, and preventive strategies may be needed. Complaints of nyctalopia were common and could suggest vitamin A deficiency. The prevalence of refractive errors is low in this rural African population.
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