ArticleCureus2025
Validation of a Quantitative Cervical Vertebral Bone Age Model in North Indian Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Forensic Age Estimation Using Tooth Eruption Status in Children: A Correlative Study With Chronological Age.Cureus · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe assessment of skeletal maturity is essential for orthodontic treatment planning and evaluation in growing patients. The present study aimed to validate the accuracy and reliability of quantitative cervical vertebral bone age (CVBA) regression formulae in a North Indian population, using the Fishman hand-wrist method as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 180 North Indian children (90 males and 90 females) aged 4-18 years with pre-treatment digital lateral cephalometric and left-hand-wrist radiographs taken on the same day. Eleven geometric measurements of the C2-C4 vertebrae were performed using the Dolphin Imaging software. Previously published sex-specific regression equations were applied to derive continuous CVBA values. Hand-wrist skeletal age was determined and coded from hand-wrist radiographs independently by two blinded, calibrated orthodontists using the Fishman method and converted to decimal years. Chronological age was calculated from birth records. The reliability of the measurements, correlation, agreement (Bland-Altman), and differences among the three age estimates were statistically analyzed.
resultsMean chronological age was 11.95 ± 1.78 years, formula-derived CVBA 12.03 ± 1.74 years, and Fishman hand-wrist skeletal age 12.02 ± 1.77 years (repeated-measures ANOVA, p = 0.882). Pearson correlation coefficients exceeded 0.915 (mostly > 0.988) for all pairwise comparisons. Bland-Altman analysis revealed negligible bias (+0.01 years) between CVBA and Fishman skeletal age, with 95% limits of agreement of -0.48 to +0.50 years. Intra- and inter-examiner ICCs for vertebral measurements were >0.94 and >0.92, respectively, for CVBA and hand-wrist skeletal age. No significant differences were found across sex or age subgroups.
conclusionsThe quantitative CVBA model exhibited outstanding accuracy, reliability, and interchangeability with the Fishman hand-wrist method in North Indian children and adolescents. Utilizing routinely acquired lateral cephalograms provides a reproducible, objective, and radiation-efficient alternative for assessing skeletal maturity, thereby justifying their routine clinical implementation in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.