ArticleCureus2025
Effects of Treatment and Weather Variables on Nocturnal Enuresis: Long-Term Analysis Using the Classification and Regression Trees Model.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveNocturnal enuresis (NE), also known as bedwetting, is a common urological condition in children that often requires extended treatment. Although numerous studies have examined NE risk factors, the long-term effects of combined clinical and external factors, such as weather variables, remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore composite risk factors for NE and evaluate their long-term effects.
methodsThis was a prospective observational study with unbalanced panel data analyzed using the classification and regression trees (CART) model. The study was conducted in Japan, with clinical and meteorological data collected over 14 months. Nineteen pediatric patients aged 6-15 years diagnosed with NE based on International Pediatric Continence Society guidelines were included. In total, 3194 daily records from 19 participants (after excluding 1 due to excessive missing values) were analyzed. The primary outcome was the presence of incontinence. Factors evaluated included demographic variables, five treatment modalities (vasopressin, solifenacin succinate, vibegron, alarm therapy, and osmotic laxatives), and six meteorological factors (daily average ambient temperature, temperature difference, precipitation, sunshine hours, atmospheric pressure, and humidity).
resultsRisk factor analysis incorporating meteorological variables extracted multiple factors potentially contributing to nocturia in over 60% of patients. These included a history of desmopressin treatment without vibegron, fewer than 203 treatment days, absence of alarm therapy, and specific months (January, August, November, and December). Additionally, the presence of more than 82.5 treatment days and a daily average ambient temperature below 13.45°C were contributing factors. Meteorological variables, particularly daily average ambient temperature and calendar month, were selected as composite factors for NE risk via the CART model. Notably, vibegron was proposed to be more effective in reducing NE risk compared with other treatments.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that effective long-term management of NE may require individualized treatment plans that account for clinical and weather-related variables. Among weather-related variables, consideration of seasonal and environmental factors may be especially important in managing NE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.