ReviewJournal of orthodontic science2025
The relationship between dental occlusion and visual dysfunctions: A literature review.
Review in Journal of orthodontic science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Theoretical and anatomical pathways suggest a connection between the stomatognathic and visual systems. However, the evidence for associations between dental occlusion, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and visual function is fragmented and of uncertain quality. This study aimed to systematically review and critically appraise the evidence regarding associations between occlusal factors, TMD, and visual parameters. We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) from 1946 to March 2025 for English-language studies investigating occlusion/TMD and visual outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was performed due to clinical heterogeneity. Ten studies (*n* = 7 cross-sectional, *n* = 2 case reports, *n* = 1 experimental) met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggested associations between Class II malocclusion and myopia, altered masticatory muscle activity in myopia, abnormal pupillary responses in TMD, and vergence disorders in TMD patients. However, the overall body of evidence was rated as very low certainty due to pervasive methodological limitations: All studies had a high risk of bias, small sample sizes (20--150), and a cross-sectional design. Most studies originated from a single research group. While some associations between occlusal factors, TMD, and visual function are reported, the current evidence is insufficient to establish causality or clinical significance. The high risk of bias, small sample sizes, and lack of independent replication preclude definitive conclusions. Future high-quality, prospective, and adequately powered studies are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.