Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41523201›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2026

Parent Employment Status and Race/Ethnicity as Predictors of Social Skills Outcomes in Autistic Children in PEERS

Julianna L Martinez, Nastassia J Hajal, Kyra L Fisher, Elizabeth C Turner, Christine T Moody, Elizabeth A Laugeson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. From Experience to Evidence: Evidence-Based Psychotherapy in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Julianna L MartinezUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7717-5657
Nastassia J HajalUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4404-5687
Kyra L FisherUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3029-6795
Elizabeth C TurnerUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5046-1141
Christine T MoodyUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-0713
Elizabeth A LaugesonUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-176X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: PEERS Methods: Participants were 46 autistic children (mean age=4.50 years; 78.3% male) and their caregivers who completed P4P between 2015 and 2019. Families took part in a 16-week curriculum with parallel child and parent groups. Program outcomes were measured using parent-report instruments, including the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition, Social Skills Improvement System subscales of Social Skills and Problem Behaviors, Quality of Play Questionnaire, and Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition, Short-Form. Results: Significant improvements were found in child social responsiveness, social skills, behavior problems, number of playdates, and parenting stress from pre- to post-P4P. Parent employment status and race/ethnicity did not significantly predict any program outcomes. Conclusion: Results indicate that P4P benefits families broadly, with no observed effect of parent employment status or race/ethnicity on outcomes. Future research should replicate these findings in a larger, more diverse sample and examine additional potential predictors of program response to inform clinical decision-making.

Indexed as

Autism spectrum disorderChildChild, preschoolEarly intervention, educationalEthnic groupsParentSocial skillsTreatment outcome

Identifiers

PMID41523201
PMCPMC12782991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.