Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41523110›Full record

ArticleJournal of nursing management2026

Nurse Leaders' Perceptions and Practices of E-Leadership: A Qualitative Study.

Vanesa Numanovic, Harri Jalonen, Juha Lindell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nursing management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Vanesa NumanovicSchool of Management, Social and Health Management, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland, uva.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-9807
Harri JalonenSchool of Management, Social and Health Management, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland, uva.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-7969
Juha LindellSchool of Management, Social and Health Management, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland, uva.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1963-2195

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: While research on nursing leadership has grown, empirical studies specifically addressing e-leadership in nursing remain scarce. Digitalization offers opportunities to enhance efficiency and flexibility but also necessitates careful management of interpersonal relationships and staff well-being. E-leadership in nursing requires strong interpersonal competencies, organizational support, targeted training, and clear policies, along with a balanced leadership approach. Notably, there is a lack of research on the state of e-leadership in nursing in the postpandemic context. Aim: This study aims to explore the current state of Finnish nurse leaders' experiences with e-leadership. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing individual thematic interviews and inductive content analysis. Fourteen individual interviews were conducted. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist guided the reporting process. Results: The analysis yielded three main categories: (1) E-leadership in nursing is here to stay, (2) a lack of consistent e-leadership practices in nursing, and (3) e-leadership presents challenges for both nurse leaders and staff. Although e-leadership remains under development and lacks clearly defined structures, both nurse leaders and staff demonstrate a willingness to adopt and implement this leadership model. However, organizational support has been insufficient, often leaving nurse leaders to independently develop solutions to the challenges they face. Conclusion: This study reinforces previous findings on e-leadership in nursing while offering new insights into its current state. E-leadership is a dynamic and evolving practice that requires a delicate balance between digital efficiency and human connection. Despite its challenges, e-leadership presents significant opportunities for the nursing profession, including enhanced flexibility and improved work-life balance. Implications for Nursing Management: The findings can inform the development of practical guidelines for implementing e-leadership in nursing and healthcare settings.

Indexed as

LeadershipNurse AdministratorsPerceptionAdultFemaleFinlandHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative Researchleadershipnurse administratorsnursingorganizational innovationremote consultation

Identifiers

PMID41523110
PMCPMC12780739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.