Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41522509›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

The petrosal and bony labyrinth of extinct horses (Perissodactyla, Equidae) and their implications for perissodactyl evolution.

Owen Axel Goodchild, Sydney Nicole Rosen, Bastien Mennecart, Jin Meng, Jérémy Tissier

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Owen Axel GoodchildRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-2040-7055
Sydney Nicole RosenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID 0009-0004-2063-2758
Bastien MennecartNaturhistorisches Museum Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9669-2907
Jin MengDepartment of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3385-8383
Jérémy TissierDepartment of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8517-1612

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Perissodactyla, or odd-toed ungulates, are represented today by 16 species of rhinoceroses, tapirs, and horses. Perissodactyls were much more diverse in the past, having a rich fossil record spanning from the earliest Eocene (~56 Ma) to recent, including a myriad of extinct lineages. Despite over a century of study, the inter-relationships of some extinct perissodactyl families remain poorly resolved. New morphological characters are needed to help solve this issue. Recent studies suggest that the ear region,

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEar, InnerFossilsPerissodactylaPetrous BoneAnimalsPhylogenyBony labyrinthEquidaeMorphologyPaleontologyPerissodactylaPetrosalPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID41522509
PMCPMC12782039

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.