Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41522500›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

Indonesian parental knowledge, attitudes, and sources of information regarding pediatric space maintainers: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.

Aishwarya Kumbhar, Bhagyashree Thakur, Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, Suraj Arora, Krishna Prasad Shetty, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Ajinkya M Pawar

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Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aishwarya KumbharDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Bhagyashree ThakurDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Dian Agustin WahjuningrumDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Suraj AroraDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Krishna Prasad ShettyDepartment of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Alexander Maniangat LukeDepartment of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Mohmed Isaqali KarobariDepartment of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Ajinkya M PawarDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Space maintainers are an important part of pediatric dentistry to prevent malocclusion after premature loss of primary teeth. The use of space maintainers are limited in developing countries such as Indonesia. This survey study was conducted to determine Indonesian parents' knowledge, attitudes, and informational sources related to paediatric space maintainers and factors influencing awareness and acceptance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 400 Indonesian parents was executed. Respondents completed a questionnaire distributed to them through clinics, schools, and publicly sponsored sites in social media. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to study predictors of knowledge and attitudes. Results: Only 25% of parents indicated that they were aware of space maintainers. Urban parents (37.5%) were significantly more likely to be aware than rural parents (6.3%; Conclusion: There is a marked gap in knowledge about space maintainers, among Indonesian parents, specifically in rural areas. Targeted educational efforts and proactive dental counselling are urgently needed to improve parental awareness and promote preventive orthodontic care.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMalocclusionParentsAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndonesiaMaleRural PopulationSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban PopulationHealth knowledgeParental knowledgeSpace maintainers

Identifiers

PMID41522500
PMCPMC12782031

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.