ReviewTranslational andrology and urology2025
Preserving spermatogenesis in testosterone deficiency: innovations in replacement and stimulatory therapies.
Review in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dysregulated LH and FSH Secretion in Human Reproductive Failure.Biomedicines · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rising prevalence of testosterone deficiency has led to increased use of exogenous testosterone therapy, including among men desiring fertility. Conventional testosterone replacement therapies (TRT) restore serum testosterone but suppress gonadotropins, resulting in impaired spermatogenesis. Consequently, newer approaches aim to normalize testosterone levels while preserving fertility potential. Intranasal testosterone provides short-acting, pulsatile testosterone delivery that mimics physiologic diurnal variation. Studies demonstrate normalization of serum testosterone while maintaining follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) within reference ranges, supporting the potential for preserved spermatogenesis. Similarly, oral testosterone undecanoate formulations offer noninvasive administration and short-acting pharmacokinetics. Clinical data show maintenance of FSH and LH within normal limits, albeit reduced from baseline, suggesting possible fertility preservation-though data on semen parameters remain limited. Concomitant administration of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with exogenous testosterone has been shown to sustain intratesticular testosterone (ITT) and spermatogenesis. Multiple studies demonstrate that hCG maintains sperm production even with full gonadotropin suppression from TRT. Finally, enclomiphene citrate, a purified trans-isomer of clomiphene, stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, increasing endogenous testosterone while maintaining spermatogenesis. This paper provides an updated overview of these evolving modalities and advances since our 2013 publication, highlighting short-acting testosterone delivery, concomitant gonadotropin support, and selective estrogen receptor modulation. Continued research with larger, long-term studies is essential to confirm their safety, efficacy, and fertility outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.