ArticleEvolution, medicine, and public health2026
Divergent evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma genomes in chimpanzees and humans.
Article in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and objectives: Somatic mutation patterns in cancer remain largely unexplored outside humans, despite their significance for aging and oncogenesis. Chimpanzees ( Methodology: HCC and matched non-cancerous tissues from five chimpanzees were examined using histopathology, immunohistochemistry (β-catenin, ARID1A, TSC2, FAP, vimentin, TGF-β), whole-genome sequencing (one pair), and whole-exome sequencing (four pairs). Somatic variants were identified with GATK MuTect2, annotated with Ensembl VEP, and analyzed for functional enrichment. Comparative analyses were performed with subsets of human HCC datasets (TCGA, ICGC) including Results: Chimpanzee HCCs exhibited histological and immunohistochemical features similar to human tumors but displayed sharply divergent genomic landscapes. Chimpanzee tumors carried significantly higher coding mutation loads (mean 5632 per sample vs. 96-275 in humans). Non-synonymous Conclusions and implications: Chimpanzee HCCs are defined by high mutational burden and frequent
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