ArticleQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2026
Diagnostic performance of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-targeted positron-emission tomography in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals are being developed for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in prostate cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of GRPR-targeted positron-emission tomography (PET) in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using appropriate keywords search strings formulated with Boolean syntax in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. Articles related to GRPR-targeted PET in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer were included, covering publications available up to May 1, 2025. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to estimate overall and subgroup-specific pooled detection rate (DR). The literature quality was determined by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. A sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method was performed to evaluate the potential bias. Results: Out of 469 articles, 212 underwent full-text screening and 6 articles with 278 patients were finally included. The overall DR of GRPR-targeted PET for biochemical recurrence (BCR) was 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-0.75]. Four studies reported the pooled DRs stratified by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels: 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25-0.51) for PSA <0.5 ng/mL stratum, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53-0.85) for PSA 0.5 to <1.0 ng/mL stratum, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.43-0.79) for PSA 1.0 to <2.0 ng/mL stratum, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.58-0.91) for PSA 2.0 to <5.0 ng/mL stratum, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.84) for PSA ≥5.0 ng/mL stratum, respectively. Conclusions: In the present meta-analysis, GRPR-targeted PET has comparable and promising diagnostic utility for BCR of prostate cancer compared to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and conventional imaging. Nevertheless, the limited sample sizes of existing studies warrant large-sample prospective trials comparing GRPR-targeted PET with first-line modalities to validate its clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value.
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