ArticleGlobal health action2026
Do disempowered bodies risk anaemia? Evidence from married women in Assam's Sixth Schedule areas of Northeast India.
Article in Global health action, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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- Erratum issuedCorrection.2026
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Abstract
backgroundAnaemia remains widespread among Indian women and reflects persistent structural and gendered inequities.
objectiveThis study examines how socio-demographic-economic, autonomy, and empowerment indicators interact to influence anaemia risk among married women in the Sixth Schedule districts of Assam, Northeast India.
methodsThis study analysed 5245 married women aged 18-49 years from Assam's seven Sixth Schedule districts using the NFHS-5 (2019-2021) data. Anaemia was modelled against sociodemographic-economic, autonomy, and empowerment indicators derived from contextually adapted indices (WAI-M and SWPER-M) using logistic regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.
resultsAnaemia affected 66.0% of women, ranging from 58.0% in Kokrajhar to 83.7% in Udalguri; women in Udalguri remained nearly five times more likely to be anaemic than those in Kokrajhar (AOR = 4.76; 95% CI = 2.46-9.24). Low decision-making power (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.28-3.94) and limited social independence (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.70-5.60) were significant predictors of anaemia. Counterintuitively, women with medium-high (AOR = 95% CI = 0.56; 0.32-1.00) and medium-low (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.26-0.86) tolerance of wife-beating were less likely to be anaemic than those categorised as highly empowered.
conclusionsAnaemia is not solely a biomedical condition but a manifestation of constrained autonomy, limited social independence, and unequal decision-making power. High-burden districts such as Udalguri and Baksa require structural interventions. Effective anaemia reduction necessitates a structural shift toward empowerment-centred interventions that integrate gender-transformative health and nutrition strategies.
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