Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521457›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Tobacco Smoke Exposure From Prenatal To Adolescent Periods Drives IBD Pathogenesis: Dynamic DNA Methylation Signatures Across Lifespan Stages.

Han Zhang, Jianhui Zhao, Jie Chen, Xinyi Ma, Siyun Zhou, Alexandra Noble, Rahul Kalla, Judith Wellens, Kun Liu, Evropi Theodoratou and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Han ZhangDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8414-6378
Jianhui ZhaoDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jie ChenDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Xinyi MaDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Siyun ZhouDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Alexandra NobleTranslational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Rahul KallaEdinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre For Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Judith WellensDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium.
Kun LiuDepartment of Epidemiology, The Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and Protection, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Evropi TheodoratouCentre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jack SatsangiTranslational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Xue LiDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2577

Funding

National Nature Science Foundation of China 82204019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The association between early life exposure to smoking and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) needs to be further verified, and the potential role of DNA methylation in the association is unclear. Through an integrated study design, this study demonstrates that maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is potentially associated with increased risk of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) in offspring. In addition, individuals who started smoking in adolescence have a higher risk of developing CD and IBD. Mechanistically, MSDP-associated DNA methylation alterations in ADCY7 (newborn), AKAP8L (newborn), TIGD7 (newborn), and TNF/LTA (across life stages) are significantly correlated with increased risk of CD in offspring; MSDP-induced DNA methylation changes in PRRT1 (newborn), AHRR (across life stages), and MYO1G (across life stages) show significant associations with UC risk in offspring. Notably, the alterations of DNA methylation status within AHRR, MYO1G, and TNF/LTA loci associated with smoking exposure are present throughout the life course. Collectively, MSDP may serve as an independent risk factor for IBD in offspring, and active smoking during adolescence may cause increased risk of developing CD and IBD. MSDP may contribute to IBD susceptibility by inducing persistent DNA methylation alterations at multiple developmental stages.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationInflammatory Bowel DiseasesPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsTobacco Smoke PollutionAdolescentFemaleHumansMalePregnancyTobacco Smoke PollutionDNA methylationearly life smokinginflammatory bowel diseasemendelian randomization study

Identifiers

PMID41521457
PMCPMC13042855

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.