Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521429›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of head trauma rehabilitation

Does Timing of Concussion in Season Affect Incidence and Recovery in Division I Collegiate Football Players? A CARE Consortium Study.

Anthony E Bishay, Samuel W Fitch, Chibuikem S Iheagwaram, Kristen L Williams, Christopher Naranjo, Tyler K Sills, Robert W Fitch, Paul F Pasquina, Thomas W McAllister, Michael A McCrea and 4 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Anthony E BishayAuthor Affiliations: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee (Mr Bishay and Mr Naranjo); Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Mr Bishay, Mr Fitch, Mr Naranjo, Mr Iheagwaram, Dr Terry, and Dr Zuckerman); Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (Mr Fitch); Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Mrs Williams, Drs Terry and Zuckerman); Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Fitch); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Bethesda, MD (Dr Pasquina); Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr McAllister); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (Dr McCrea); Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (Dr McCrea); and Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Dr Broglio).
Samuel W Fitch
Chibuikem S Iheagwaram
Kristen L Williams
Christopher Naranjo
Tyler K Sills
Robert W Fitch
Paul F Pasquina
Thomas W McAllister
Michael A McCrea
Steven P Broglio
Douglas P Terry
Scott L Zuckerman
, CARE Consortium Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether seasonality is associated with (1) concussion incidence and (2) recovery outcomes, including the time to symptom resolution (SR) and return-to-play (RTP) in Division I college football players.

settingMulti-institution study using the CARE Consortium database composed of 30 universities investigating the natural history of concussions between 2014 and 2020.

participants682 Division I football athletes across 21 institutions who sustained a concussion during practice or competition.

designProspective cohort study of NCAA Division I football players with concussion. MAIN MEASURES: Concussion incidence rates across 4 season periods (preseason, early, middle, and late-season) were analyzed using chi-square tests. Time to SR and RTP were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression.

resultsConcussion incidence rates were highest during preseason (4.73 per 100 players) compared to early (2.19), middle (2.31), and late-season (2.17). The temporal distribution showed 41.9% of concussions occurred during preseason, with 19.2%, 20.1%, and 18.8% occurring during early, middle, and late-season, respectively (χ 2  = 104.6, P < .001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in time to SR (log-rank P = .012). Early (HR = 0.582, P < .001) and late-season (HR = 0.634, P = .002) concussions had delayed SR compared to preseason. No differences in time to RTP (log-rank P = .300) were found, although early-season concussions had a lower RTP hazard (HR = 0.703, P = .040).

conclusionsIn a multi-institution cohort of collegiate football players, preseason resulted in the highest incidence of concussions, while early and late-season concussions had significantly longer time to SR compared to preseason. These temporal patterns suggest that contextual factors may influence concussion outcomes and warrant mechanistic investigation to inform future management strategies.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesBrain ConcussionFootballHumansIncidenceMaleProspective StudiesRecovery of FunctionReturn to SportSeasonsTime FactorsUnited StatesUniversitiesYoung AdultAmerican footballreturn-to-playseasonalitysymptom resolution

Identifiers

PMID41521429
PMCPMC13537494

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.