Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521346›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2026

Skeletodental and soft tissue changes following treatment with herbst and pendex appliances: a retrospective CBCT study.

Brianna Tucker, Jessica Kang, Christopher Hudson-Boyd, Sam Kadan, Bruno Saconi, Brendan T Keenan, Richard J Schwab, Chun-Hsi Chung, Hyeran Helen Jeon

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Brianna Tucker *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jessica Kang *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Christopher Hudson-BoydSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sam KadanDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Bruno SaconiDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Brendan T KeenanDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Richard J SchwabDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chun-Hsi ChungDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Hyeran Helen JeonDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA. hjeon@upenn.edu.

Funding

American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Biomedical Research AwardUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine O'Hern Pilot Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo compare skeletodental and soft tissue changes in growing Class II patients treated with Herbst or Pendex appliances, followed by fixed edgewise appliances, using two-dimensional lateral cephalometric radiographs extracted from three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography scans. MATERIALS AND

methodsForty-six patients were examined: 23 treated with Herbst (12.07 ± 1.49 years, 12 males/11 females) and 23 with Pendex (11.76 ± 1.18 years, 10 males/13 females). CBCT-derived lateral cephalograms were analyzed at T1 (initial), T2 (6 months post-Herbst removal or immediately post-Pendex removal), and T3 (final records after edgewise fixed appliance removal). Cephalometric analysis assessed skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. Repeated measures ANOVA analyzed within-group changes across the three time points, and t-tests were used to compare between-group differences at each time point and evaluate changes from T1 to T3.

resultsFrom T1 to T3, the Herbst group exhibited a significant decrease in the SNA angle, a non-significant increase in SNB, and significant increases in mandibular dimensions, including total length, body length, corpus length, and ramus height. In contrast, the Pendex group demonstrated stable SNA values, a significant increase in SNB, and mandibular dimensional changes comparable to those observed in the Herbst group. Vertically, both groups remained stable with no significant differences in skeletal vertical parameters. Overall, no significant between-group differences were observed in skeletal, dental, or soft tissue parameters between T1 and T3. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We did not detect statistically significant differences in overall skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes between the two groups.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyMalocclusion, Angle Class IIOrthodontic Appliances, FunctionalCephalometryChildFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeClass II malocclusionCone beam computed tomography (CBCT)Growth modificationHerbstPendex

Identifiers

PMID41521346
PMCPMC12791065

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.