ArticleJournal of physiological anthropology2026
Thermoregulatory responses to air temperature of -5 °C at different wind speeds: significance of strong wind in a mild cold environment.
Article in Journal of physiological anthropology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAir temperature that is considered as cold varies according to individuals. Urban people who live in temperate climates are accustomed to mild cold with varying wind speeds, but relatively few studies have examined the effects of wind speed in mild cold on individuals wearing winter clothing, especially compared to studies conducted in severe cold environments. We examined thermoregulatory responses to varying wind speeds in mild cold, considering anthropometric characteristics of individuals.
methodsTen healthy males (23.9 ± 3.3 years in age, 175.8 ± 4.9 cm in height, 74.4 ± 7.0 kg in body weight) participated in the following four wind conditions (0, 2, 4.5, and 7 m·s
resultsRectal and gastrointestinal temperatures remained stable across all wind conditions, suggesting sufficient insulation from the winter clothing. However, peripheral skin temperatures decreased significantly with higher wind speeds (all Ps < 0.05), with finger temperature averaging 12.7 °C at 7 m·s
conclusionsWhile typical winter clothing (2.1 clo) effectively maintains core temperature in wind chill conditions down to -12 °C, extremities, particularly the hands, require better insulation. Peripheral skin temperatures and thermal comfort provide reliable indicators for assessing cold stress. Morphological properties of the body also influenced cold responses, with overweight individuals exhibiting less frequent shivering and larger body surface areas correlating with greater cold sensitivity. These findings offer insights into optimizing winter clothing design to improve comfort and safety in windy conditions in mild cold.
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