ArticleCardiovascular ultrasound2026
Relationship between epicardial fat tissue, endothelial function, and coronary flow reserve in coronary microvascular disease patients.
Article in Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Relationship Between Left Atrial Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is a major cause of hospitalization for a considerable number of patients with ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), with coronary flow reserve (CFR) reduction being the main feature of CMVD. However, imaging methods for CMVD evaluation are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate associations among epicardial fat thickness (EFT), endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and CFR in patients with CMVD, and to evaluate their predictive value for CMVD diagnosis.
methodsCFR was measured by regadenoson stress echocardiography, while EFT and FMD were measured by transthoracic echocardiography and brachial artery vascular ultrasound in 66 subjects with INOCA. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed.
resultsTwenty-nine patients were categorized into the CFR decreased group (CFR < 2.0), and thirty-seven patients were separated into the CFR normal group (CFR ≥ 2.0). EFT was significantly higher in the CFR decreased group (6.063 ± 1.732 mm vs. 5.95 ± 1.718 mm, P = 0.003), while FMD was significantly lower in the CFR decreased group [4.05 (3.10, 5.40) vs. 5.30 (4.85, 7.30), P = 0.011]. EFT was an independent predictor for CMVD [odds ratio: 5.084, 95% confidence interval: 1.498-17.251, P = 0.009]. A cut-off value of EFT > 5.51 mm predicted CMVD with 90% sensitivity and 71% specificity. FMD was not an independent predictor for CMVD, but when FMD < 4.65%, it predicted CMVD with 60% sensitivity and 83% specificity.
conclusionsEFT and FMD may serve as potential evaluation methods for CMVD in patients with INOCA. EFT was independently associated with the presence of CMVD in this cohort, offering significant clinical diagnostic insights. EFT is a novel independent predictor of CMVD in this specific population, while FMD provides complementary diagnostic value for risk stratification. These non-invasive markers may help to improve risk stratification in patients with microvascular dysfunction.
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