Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521307›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026

Misdiagnosed tuberculous myelitis turned out to be spinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a case report.

Ruixi Ye, Kundian Guo, Dong Zhou, Zhen Hong

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Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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4 authors.

Ruixi YeDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9759-4502
Kundian GuoDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Dong ZhouDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Zhen HongDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. hongzhengoog@aliyun.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-6873

Funding

Clinical Research Incubation Project of West China Hospital of Sichuan University 22HXFH022Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2024YFHZ0056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcomas. Spinal involvement is uncommon, representing only 2-3% of all cases, and is typically associated with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific clinical and imaging findings. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old woman presented with progressive lower limb weakness and numbness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed elevated protein and decreased glucose and chloride levels. MRI showed spinal meningeal enhancement, initially suggestive of tuberculous myelitis. Despite prolonged anti-tuberculous treatment, her condition worsened. Repeat imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary mass compressing the spinal cord. Surgical biopsy confirmed MPNST based on spindle-shaped tumor cells and complete loss of H3K27me3 expression.

conclusionThis case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of spinal MPNSTs, which may mimic tuberculous myelitis. When clinical features and imaging are inconclusive and response to treatment is poor, early histopathological examination remains essential for accurate diagnosis and timely management.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ErrorsNerve Sheath NeoplasmsTuberculosis, SpinalAdultDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingBiopsyMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumorMisdiagnosisMPNSTTuberculous myelitis

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