Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41520110›Full record

ArticleOrphanet journal of rare diseases2026

Bridging the gap: sex-specific differences in Huntington's disease.

Greta Hemicker, Katarína Schwarzová, Samuel Labrecque, Clancy Cerejo, Federico Carbone, Marina Peball, Bernadette Wimmer, Philipp Mahlknecht, Florian Krismer, Atbin Djamshidian and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Greta HemickerDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Katarína SchwarzováDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Samuel LabrecqueDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Clancy CerejoDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Federico CarboneDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Marina PeballDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Bernadette WimmerDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Philipp MahlknechtDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Florian KrismerDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Atbin DjamshidianDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Klaus SeppiDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Beatrice HeimDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Beatrice.heim@i-med.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-3044

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHuntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 4. Exploring sex-related differences in disease manifestation may improve understanding and guide more tailored therapeutic and supportive interventions.

objectiveTo investigate sex differences in the clinical presentation and functional outcomes in a single-center HD cohort, including employment status and use of supportive therapies.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 102 patients with HD who were regularly seen at the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck. Exact CAG repeat length was available for 101 participants. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to assess symptom distribution, access to neurorehabilitation, and the impact on employment status.

resultsWe included 44 men and 58 women with genetically confirmed Huntington’s Disease. Among participants with available CAG data (n = 101), there was no difference in CAG-Repeat length between male and female patients as well as no differences in the onset of motor or non-motor symptoms (all p-values > 0.05). We found that irritability was significantly more prevalent in female patients (p = 0.033). Moreover, women were significantly less likely to be employed than men (p < 0.001). No sex differences were observed in the utilization of non-pharmacological therapies such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, or psychotherapy (p > 0.05).

conclusionFemale patients with HD showed higher rates of irritability and lower workforce participation, suggesting clinically relevant sex-related differences. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a factor in both clinical management and social support strategies.

Indexed as

Huntington DiseaseAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSex FactorsTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionTrinucleotide RepeatsFunctional capacityHuntington’s diseaseSex-related differences

Identifiers

PMID41520110
PMCPMC12882381

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.