Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41519853›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Functional implications of polygenic risk for schizophrenia in human neurons.

P J Michael Deans, Kayla G Retallick-Townsley, Aiqun Li, Carina Seah, Jessica Johnson, Judit Garcia Gonzalez, Evan Cao, Nadine Schrode, Alex Yu, Sam Cartwright and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

P J Michael Deans *Departments of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Genetics, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Kayla G Retallick-Townsley *Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Aiqun LiPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-5352
Carina SeahPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1838
Jessica JohnsonPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Judit Garcia GonzalezPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-740X
Evan CaoPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Nadine SchrodePamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Alex YuPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Sam CartwrightPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Georgios VoloudakisPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-632X
Wen ZhangPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Minghui WangPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-4962
John F FullardPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-2907
Kiran GirdharPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-042X
Eli StahlPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1192-0561
Schahram AkbarianPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-0891
Bin ZhangPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Panos RoussosPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-6239
Paul O'ReillyPamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-0845
Laura M HuckinsDepartments of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Genetics, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. laura.huckins@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-6502
Kristen J BrennandDepartments of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Genetics, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. kristen.brennand@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-5956

Funding

Modeling the interaction of physiological and environmental stressors on common variants to psychiatric traitsR01ES033630 · NIEHS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Kristen Jennifer Brennand · 2022 to 2026
$4.6M
Short Term Research Training: Students in Health Professional SchoolsT35DK104689 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LLOYD G CANTLEY, Sarwat I Chaudhry · 2015 to 2026
$2.6M
Modeling the contribution of common variants to schizophrenia riskR56MH101454 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BRENNAND, KRISTEN JENNIFER, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2018 to 2019
$1.5M
Characterizing and targeting subphenotypes of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder via individually imputed tissue and cell-type specific transcriptomesK08MH122911 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI VOLOUDAKIS, GEORGIOS · 2020 to 2023
$770k
NIDDK NIH HHS T35 DK104689NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033630NIMH NIH HHS K08 MH122911NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH101454U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) R01ES033630U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R56MH101454
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome wide association studies of schizophrenia reveal a complex polygenic risk architecture comprised of hundreds of risk variants; most are common in the population, non-coding, and act by genetically regulating the expression of one or more gene targets ("eGenes"). It remains unclear how the myriad genetic variants that are predicted to confer individually small effects combine to yield substantial clinical impacts in aggregate. Here, we demonstrate that convergence (i.e., the shared downstream transcriptomic changes with a common direction of effect), resulting from one-at-a-time perturbation of schizophrenia eGenes, influences the outcome when eGenes are manipulated in combination. In total, we apply pooled and arrayed CRISPR approaches to target 21 schizophrenia eGenes in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived glutamatergic neurons, finding that functionally similar eGenes yield stronger and more specific convergent effects. Points of convergence constrain additive relationships between polygenic risk loci: consistent with a liability threshold model, combinatorial perturbations of these same schizophrenia eGenes reveal that pathway-level convergence predicts when observed effects will fail to sum to levels predicted by an additive model. Targeting points of convergence as novel therapeutic targets may prove more efficacious than individually reversing the effects of multiple risk loci.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseMultifactorial InheritanceNeuronsSchizophreniaGenetic Risk ScoreGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideTranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID41519853
PMCPMC12877124

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.