ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Access to licenced vaccines for high-threat infectious diseases: a scoping review and interpretive analysis of Ebola virus disease.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ebola Virus Disease in the Era of One Health and Global Preparedness: Evolving Epidemiology, Genomic Surveillance, and Future Challenges.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOutbreaks of high-threat zoonotic diseases like Ebola virus disease (EVD) occur more frequently, causing severe health and socioeconomic impacts. With an average case fatality rate of 67%, EVD outcomes can significantly improve when timely care and vaccination are provided. Despite the WHO’s prequalification of EVD vaccines (Ervebo and Zabdeno/Mvabea), their long-term access and use remain uncertain, with 40% of the global stockpile volume expired in 2024. With the launch of a new preventive vaccination program, understanding the evolving EVD immunization system to inform effective vaccination strategies is critical. However, such a review is lacking to date.
methodsThis scoping review mapped the literature on WHO-prequalified EVD vaccines post-licensure. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, English articles from two databases (PubMed and African Index Medicus) published from January 1, 2020, to October 23, 2023, were included. Studies focusing solely on non-EBOV species or pre-licensure evidence were excluded. Two reviewers screened records independently via Rayyan, and extracted data with an inductive template, synthesizing content through thematic analysis and critical interpretive synthesis.
resultsA total of 100 articles were included, resulting in a framework of 8 thematic components and 25 subcomponents characterizing the EVD post-licensure immunization system. Interdependencies and uncertainties within components create multiple viable vaccination strategies, but also delay decision-making. Most articles (n = 80) described EVD vaccine-specific components, particularly clinical performance (n = 38). The literature does not specifically address topics regarding workforce, financing or One Health, which were considered in other frameworks. Moreover, evidence regarding the effectiveness and perceptions of strategies beyond use during outbreaks remains limited. While health system components are discussed, they are not yet integrated into vaccine-specific guidelines or models. These gaps present a need for system-wide, participatory research to support context-specific and effective vaccination strategies.
conclusionsThis review contributes to the literature with a comprehensive framework of the EVD immunization system, synthesizing elements that shape effective vaccination strategies. Given ongoing vaccine development for other high-threat and sporadic diseases, insights from EVD vaccines offer opportunities to design effective immunization systems to better protect populations at risk and strengthen health systems. REGISTRATION: The protocol was registered prospectively in the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/f6tua).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.