Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41518794›Full record

ArticleComputers in biology and medicine2026

3D printed pediatric head phantom for assessing deep epileptic sources localization.

Saeed Jahromi, Glykeria Sdoukopoulou, Rupesh Kumar Chikara, Steven M Stufflebeam, Mark P Ottensmeyer, Gianluca De Novi, Christos Papadelis

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Article in Computers in biology and medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Saeed JahromiNeurosciences Research Center, Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA.
Glykeria SdoukopoulouNeurosciences Research Center, Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA.
Rupesh Kumar ChikaraNeurosciences Research Center, Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Steven M StufflebeamAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Mass General Brigham & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; HST Affiliated Faculty, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mark P OttensmeyerDepartment of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Gianluca De NoviDepartment of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Christos PapadelisNeurosciences Research Center, Jane and John Justin Institute for Mind Health, Cook Children's Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA; Burnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address: christos.papadelis@cookchildrens.org.

Funding

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations of Epileptogenecity in Pediatric PatientsR01NS104116 · NINDS · COOK CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER · PI PAPADELIS, CHRISTOS · 2019 to 2024
$2.4M
Noninvasive Mapping of Functional and Effective Connectivity in Children with Drug Resistant EpilepsyR01NS134944 · NINDS · COOK CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER · PI Christos Papadelis · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS104116NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS134944
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAssessing the localization accuracy of electric and magnetic source imaging (ESI/MSI) for deep brain sources using a 3D-printed head phantom.

methodsWe developed a realistic pediatric head phantom preserving brain, skull, and scalp properties with implanted sources in clinically relevant deep brain locations. Localization accuracy of ESI/MSI was assessed across varying noise levels using dipole fitting and dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM).

resultsThe phantom generated realistic MEG and EEG data resembling actual epilepsy patient recordings. MSI showed superior accuracy to ESI for the deep tangential insular source (dipole: ∼17 vs. ∼33 mm; dSPM: ∼24 vs. ∼32 mm). While ESI-ECD localized some radial sources well (e.g. ∼9 mm for brainstem), its dSPM struggled to localize deep sources (e.g. insula and amygdala). Both modalities found the radial thalamus source most challenging to localize.

conclusionsMSI outperformed ESI for localizing deep tangential sources; yet, both techniques struggled to localize deep radial sources. For point-like sources, dipole fitting delivered the highest accuracy (∼9 mm, ESI for brainstem), whereas averaged dSPM was superior for sources with distributed-source behavior (∼13 mm, MSI for orbital gyrus). SIGNIFICANCE: 3D Printed realistic head phantoms can aid assessing the accuracy of ESI/MSI and selecting appropriate methods for different clinical scenarios.

Indexed as

BrainBrain MappingElectroencephalographyEpilepsyHeadMagnetoencephalographyPhantoms, ImagingPrinting, Three-DimensionalChildHumansMagnetic Resonance Imaging3D printingElectric source imagingMagnetic source imagingPhantomSource localization

Identifiers

PMID41518794
PMCPMC13073945

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