Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41518403›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2026

Recent advances in multimodal imaging of infections: research highlights using Nuclear-Optical imaging.

Mick M Welling, Cathryn H S Driver, Palesa C Koatale, Tricia Naicker, Thomas Ebenhan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mick M WellingLeiden Preclinical Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands. m.m.welling@lumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-2249-5601
Cathryn H S DriverSouth African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, 0240, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-8562-1639
Palesa C KoataleNuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-2659-0454
Tricia NaickerCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-7134-6258
Thomas EbenhanNuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-2038-7324

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multimodal imaging using hybrid imaging agents is a promising strategy for diagnosing and evaluating pathologies after image-guided surgical interventions. Combining optical and radioactive imaging techniques provides a comprehensive approach to monitoring and diagnosing infections, which would be more effective than routine nuclear clinical tracers for SPECT or PET imaging, thereby enabling more effective treatment as in image-guided surgery. This review summarizes the latest developments in hybrid imaging agents and vectors for radioactive and optical imaging of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. We pinpoint the pitfalls in the current preclinical landscape for developing infection imaging tracers. Besides diagnosing and tracking pathogens, the role of optical imaging in diagnosing and aiding antimicrobial interventions, including image-guided surgery, is discussed. Finally, practical considerations are addressed for multimodal workflow challenges in preclinical infection imaging with hybrid tracers.

Indexed as

InfectionsMultimodal ImagingOptical ImagingAnimalsHumansFluorescence-Guided surgeryHybrid tracersInfection diagnosticsMultimodal imagingNuclear medicine (SPECT/PET)

Identifiers

PMID41518403
PMCPMC13013333

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.