Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41518142›Full record

ArticleThe clinical respiratory journal2026

Frailty as a Key Determinant of Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry: A Nationally Representative Study.

Yue Ren, Yixing Wu, Weiping Hu, Li Liu, Hui Cai, Jing Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The clinical respiratory journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yue RenDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-2738
Yixing WuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Weiping HuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Li LiuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Hui CaiDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jing ZhangDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0506200Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0506205
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and progression to COPD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Frailty is known to worsen outcomes in COPD; however, its role in PRISm has not been well defined. This study examined factors associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in PRISm and developed risk models.

methodsWe analyzed 8882 adults (aged 20-79 years) from NHANES 2007-2012, identifying 763 (8.6%) with PRISm (FEV

resultsPRISm participants had higher frailty prevalence (53.9% vs. 45.5%) and more MACEs (16.2% vs. 6.0%) than those with normal spirometry (both p < 0.0001). Frailty was independently associated with prevalent MACEs (adjusted OR = 18.87, p < 0.001) and was bidirectionally associated with PRISm (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001). Key factors independently associated with MACEs included frailty index, age, sex, anemia, and emphysema (AUC = 0.786). Over 9.9 years, mortality was higher in frail vs. non-frail PRISm individuals (15.2% vs. 7.0%; adjusted HR = 30.66). Frailty severity demonstrated a clear mortality gradient, and a mortality nomogram integrating age and frailty achieved an AUC of 0.81.

conclusionFrailty is strongly and independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. FI-LAB offers a practical tool for risk stratification and may help guide targeted preventive strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesFrailtyPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveSpirometryAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrevalenceRisk AssessmentRisk Factorscardiovascular diseasefrailtyMACEsmortalityPRISm

Identifiers

PMID41518142
PMCPMC12790094

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.